Glossary

Rapid EV charging (carga rápida, DC fast charging)

DC charging at 50 kW or more, where an external charger feeds the battery directly. It is the mode 4 charging found at charging hubs and lets you add hundreds of kilometres in a short time. In US English, DC fast charging.

What rapid charging is

Rapid charging (carga rápida) is charging on direct current, the kind done by the big posts at charging hubs (electrolineras). Unlike home charging, the external charger converts the current and delivers it straight to the battery, bypassing the car’s onboard charger. The standards call this mode 4.

Usual power levels

  • Rapid: around 50 kW.
  • Ultra-rapid: from 150 kW upwards, up to 350 or 400 kW on the most powerful units.

The connector in Europe is CCS Combo 2. The car charges at the maximum it accepts, which may be lower than the post’s rating.

The charging curve

Power is not constant. The car accepts a lot with a low battery and reduces it as it fills, especially above 80 %. On a road trip the efficient approach is to charge from 10 or 20 % to 80 % and drive on: the last stretch is slow.

What it costs

It is the most expensive way to charge. At guide prices of about 0.45 euros per kWh, 100 km costs 7 to 11 euros, against about 1.80 euros charging at home off-peak. It suits trips, fleets and people with nowhere to charge at home, but not daily charging.

Rapid charging at a business

A rapid charger needs a lot of power, so it often requires a project, a large supply contract or even a transformer substation. When the charging infrastructure exceeds 50 kW, ITC-BT-04 requires a project signed by a qualified engineer and an initial inspection by an inspection body. See public EV charging with OCPP in Seville, Spain.

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